社会身份、国家建构与国际冲突——一种来自国际政治心理学的解释

Social Identity, National Construction and International Conflicts——A Study Based on International Political Psychology

身份是国际政治心理学研究的重要议题。国际政治心理学强调国家身份的内部建构过程,即个体对于一个群体(国家)的归属感塑造了一个国家或群体的身份,而不同国家或群体间相互对立的身份又引发了它们彼此间的冲突。在这一过程中,情感扮演了重要角色。在一定程度上,群体(国家)间的接触可以增进不同群体(国家)之间的了解,进而减轻相互间敌意并且降低冲突的可能性。总体上看,国际政治心理学阐述了一种从个体身份转变成群体身份,从而形成一个特定共同体的过程。但是这一理论过于强调身份的对立性,忽视了影响国家间冲突与合作的其他因素。相比之下,马克思主义对人类社会(也包括国际关系)的本质和发展趋势的认识显然更具前瞻性和科学性,从而为构建一个包含了全人类的真正的共同体提供了理论基础。

Identity is one of the key issue-area in international political psychology. It is argued that the shape of group or state identity can be attributed to an individual's sense of belonging to a group which conversely results in the conflicts among different groups or states. Moreover, it is also empha sized that the role played by emotions should not be underestimated. To some extent, contacts among different groups or states could facilitate their mutual understanding, and then ameliorate the antago nistic attitude and decrease the possibility of conflicts.In all, the proposition put forward by interna tional political psychology illustrates a process in which personal identity becomes group identity, and forms a community in the end. However, international political psychology overemphasizes the con flicting aspect of state identity, thus ignoring other factors influencing international cooperation and conflict. Relatively speaking, Marxism could give us a more insightful view about the nature and pros pect of human society (including international relations), and thus a theoretical foundation for a com munity of shared future for mankind.