老年女性不同步行增速策略的下肢关节角度和角速度变化

The Changes of Lower Extremity Joint Angle and Angular Velocity of the Elderly Women with Different Speeding Strategies when Walking

目的:探讨不同增速策略的健康老年女性在步态周期内其下肢关节角度和角速度的变化规律。方法:利用红外高速运动捕捉系统QTM和两块三维测力台KISTLER对27名老年女性在自然行走和快速行走过程中的步态参数和下肢关节运动参数进行采集,根据受试者从自然行走到快速行走的速度增加方式分成3组:增加步频组(G1,n=10),增加步幅组(G2,n=8),同时增加步频和步幅组(G3,n=9)。对上述3组老年女性矢状面内下肢踝、膝和髋关节角度和角速度峰值进行数据统计和结果分析。结果:无论自然行走还是快速行走,3组老年女性步态周期内下肢关节角度和角速度的均值曲线轨迹相似性较高(复相关系数CMC>0.850)。自然行走时3组之间下肢关节角度和角速度峰值均无显著性差异(P>0.05),与自然行走相比,快速行走时的下肢各关节角度和角速度峰值呈现随步速加快而增大的趋势,尤其是以增加步幅来提高行走速度的老年女性(G2)。与此同时,G2组的下蹲力最大,其次是G3组,并分别与G1组呈显著性差异(P=0.000和P=0.002)。另外,3组老年女性的踝和髋关节的角速度峰值均出现在摆动初期,而膝关节则出现在摆动末期。结论:无论何种增速策略的健康老年女性,其步态周期内的下肢关节角度和角速度变化轮廓较为一致,一些重要时相的峰值大小与自身的下肢肌肉力量和步行策略有关。

Objective To explore the change of the angles and angular velocities of the lower limb of healthy elderly women with different speeding strategies in the gait cycle.Methods Twenty-seven healthy elderly women underwent gait analysis in the sagittal plane at comfortable walking speed and fast walking speed using QTM and KISTLER.All subjects were classified into three groups based on how they increased their walking speed:those who increased their cadence(G1,n=10),those who increased their stride length(G2,n=8),and those increasing both simultaneously(G3,n=9).The peak joint angles and angular velocities during the gait cycle were processed and analyzed.Results The similarity of the peak lower joint angles and angular velocities in gait cycles showed that the shape of the curve was consistent at different walking speed(CMC>0.850).There was no significant difference in the peak angles and angular velocities of the lower extremity among the three groups when walking at a comfortable speed(P>0.05).Compared with walking at a comfortable speed,the peak angle and angular velocities of the lower limbs increased with the walking speed,especially in the subjects of G2.Moreover,the lower extremity muscle strength of G2 was the largest,followed by that of G3 and both were significantly higher than G1 respectively(P=0.000 and P=0.002).The largest angular velocities of ankles occurred at the initial swing phase of gait,while that of hip joints did at the terminal swing phase.Conclusions The change of the joint angles and angular velocities is quite consistent when walking with different speeding strategies.Some peak values of the important phase are related to the muscle strength of the lower extremity and walking strategy.