语言与社会的共变：以动态范畴视角看当代汉语语法的新发展

Covariance between Language and Society: New Development of Contemporary Chinese Grammar from the Perspective of Dynamic Category

当代汉语语法的宏观变化主要体现在五个方面:名词性词语的形容词化、动词性词语的形容词化、不及物动词的及物化、普通话与方言的互动与渗透、新兴语法化与词汇化现象的普及。语言与社会的“共变”,以及崇尚“简洁高效”与“新颖独特”的心理认知是其发展演变的动因,词汇与句法界面的双向互动、临界语境的高频使用,以及语言的非范畴化机制都为当代汉语语法的发展与演变提供了动力与可能。当代汉语语法呈现出由限定性走向非限定性,由临时创新走向约定俗成的发展趋向。

The macro-changes of contemporary Chinese grammar are mainly reflected in five aspects:the adjec-tiveization of noun words,the adjectiveization of verb words,the transitivity of intransitive verbs,the interaction and penetration between Putonghua and dialects,and the popularization of new grammaticalization and lexicalization.The coevolution of language and society,and the psychological cognition of advocating simplicity and efficiency and novelty and uniqueness are the motives for its development and evolution.The two-way interaction between vocabulary and syntactic interface,the high-frequency use of critical context and the non-categorization mechanism of language all provide impetus and possibility for the development and evolution of contemporary Chinese grammar.It shows a trend from restriction to non-restriction,from temporary innovation to conventional development.