当下我国农村空心化问题探微

Paying Attention to the Problem of Rural Hollowing in China at Present

农村空心化是工业化和城市化过程中的一个阶段性的现象,它是在我国经济发展、农村人口减少和结构改变的背景下,在城乡二元户籍制度、农村土地使用管理制度及保障制度等因素共同作用下导致的。既对我国农村原有的经济社会秩序和发展模式带来了劳动力缺乏、耕地抛荒、农村住房和宅基地闲置、农村基层组织化程度低、粮食安全问题凸显等巨大的冲击和影响,也为我国现代农业的发展提供了新的契机,如农业机械智能化程度提高、土地经营规模化、农村新型经济和社会组织的发展、农民产权的法律界定和重构等。对此,必须从现代农业发展的高度因势利导,通过明晰农民产权、构建交易平台、加快户籍改革、培养新型农民、加大科技投入等途径,消除体制、机制的束缚,推动农村空心化向农业现代化转变。

Rural hollowing is a phased phenomenon in the process of industrialization and urbanization, which is caused by the factors such as urban-rural dual household registration system, rural land use management system and guarantee system in the context of China's economic development, rural population reduction and structural change. It not only brings huge impacts on the original economic and social order and development model in China's rural areas, such as lack of labor, farmland abandon, idle rural houses and house sites, low level of rural grassroots organization, and prominent food security issues, but also provides new opportunities for the development of modern agriculture in China, such as the improvement of the intelligence level of agricultural machinery, the scale operation of land, the development of new rural economy and social organization, and the legal definition and reconstruction of farmers' property rights. In this regard, it is necessary to capitalize on the trend based on the development of modern agriculture, and eliminate the constraints of institutions and mechanisms and promote the transformation from rural hollowing to agricultural modernization by clarifying farmers' property rights, building a trading platform, accelerating household registration reform, cultivating new farmers, and increasing investment in science and technology.