比较优势与中央、地方的产业政策

Comparative Advantage and Central, Local Industrial Policies in China

本文围绕比较优势分析了中央和地方出台产业政策的特征规律。我们发现,中央选择的重点产业仅在东部地区具备或能够培育起比较优势,在中西部则不然。与此同时,在地方尤其是中西部地区扶持的重点产业中,中央重点产业占比越来越高,这导致中西部地区在产业政策选择上越来越偏离自己的比较优势。进一步研究发现,偏离程度更大的中西部地区获批了更多的国家级开发区,这为我们理解地方在产业政策制定上为何紧跟中央重点产业而偏离自身比较优势提供了新的视角。

This paper analyses the characteristics of industrial policies issued by central and local governments from the perspective of comparative advantage. It is found that key industries selected by the central government present or can cultivate local comparative advantages in the eastern region, but not in the central or western regions. At the same time, among the key industries supported by the local governments ,especially in the central and western regions, the proportion of central key industries is getting higher and higher, which leads to the key industries of the central and western regions increasingly deviating from their comparative advantages. It is further found that this type of deviation is positively correlated with the possibility of approval of state economic development zones in local areas, providing a further clue in understanding why loc^il governments follow central key industries at the cost of deviating from their comparative advantages.