部门属性、岗位特征与职位吸引力：国家公务员考试的实证研究

Agency Salience,Job Eligibility,and Job Attractiveness:An Empirical Study of National Civil Service Examinations

每年国家公务员招考,都可以看到各个部门和职位的报考热度差别较大。一些部门和职位门庭若市,而另一些却门可罗雀。为什么不同部门和职位对求职者的吸引力差别如此之大?文章旨在实证分析部门属性、岗位特征与招考条件对职位报考热度的影响,以揭示公务员招考职位吸引力背后的影响机制。文章系统搜集了2018年国家公务员考试中央一级797个岗位的多源数据,并对职位吸引力的影响因素进行多元统计分析。结果显示,招考岗位的竞争情况和招考限制条件等因素同报考热度呈显著的相关关系,而招考部门的政治重要性、媒体影响力和预算等并不显著。这说明岗位特征比部门属性对公务员报考热度的影响更强,即公务员报考主要依据岗位而非部门进行选择。文章讨论了研究结果的政策启示,为缓解公务员队伍内部人才配置失衡问题和公务员考试招考制度改革提出了政策建议。

We can see that the heat of application for various departments and positions is quite different in the national civil servant examination every year.Some departments and positions are in the market,while others in the door.Why?This article aims to analyze the influence of agency characteristics and job attributes and recruitment conditions on job registration,in order to reveal the impact mechanism behind the attractiveness of recruitment positions.We collect the data of 797 posts at the central level of national civil service examination in 2018,and conducts multivariate statistical analysis on the influencing factors of job attractiveness.The results show that historical attractiveness and job requirements are significantly related with job attractiveness,while political salience and media salience and budget of the recruitment department are not significant.The findings provide helpful policy implications for civil service recruitment.This shows that the agency salience are more influential than the job eligibility on the popularity of civil servants,that is,civil servants apply mainly based on positions rather than departments.The research results and proposes policy recommendations is to alleviate the imbalance of talent allocation within the civil service and the reform of the civil service examination recruitment system.