设定高校防治性骚扰法律义务之理据

Legal Responsibilities for Universities to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment

目前,高校缺乏构建防治性骚扰机制的积极性,关于高校防治性骚扰义务国家层面立法缺失。设定一项法律义务包含两个要素:正当性和必要性。高校的功能、社会成本理论、高校与学生、教师的法律关系等为设定高校防治性骚扰义务提供了正当性理论基础。高校性骚扰的特点、受害人权益保护、社会民众的认同等构成设定高校防治性骚扰义务的必要性理论。我国立法应明确设定高校防治性骚扰的法律义务,以减少高校性骚扰行为的发生,保障受害人的利益,从而构建良好和谐的校园环境。

At present, universities lack the enthusiasm to build such a mechanism, while there is no existing law at the national level to require universities to fulfill their obligations on this issue.The promulgation of a lawful duty consists of two elements:“legitimacy”+“necessity”. The nature of universities, the legal relationship between colleges and universities and that of students and teachers provides a theoretical and legal basis in requiring universities to fulfill their duties in the prevention and treatment of sexual harassment. The characteristics of sexual harassment in universities, the theory of social cost, the protection of the rights and interests of victims, and public recognition jointly constitute the“necessity” for demanding universities to prevent and address sexual harassment at their campuses. There is a clear specification in China’s laws on universities’ obligations in the prevention and treatment of sexual harassment to reduce the occurrence of sexual harassment in universities, protect the interests of victims, and build a harmonious campus environment.