基于老人——儿媳代际互动的农村家庭养老需求与供给

Demand and Supply of Home-based Nursing in Rural China from Generational Interaction Between Senior Residents and Their Daughters-in-law

基于老人和儿媳代际互动的视角,采用陕西省两个村庄的调研资料,分析农村老人的家庭养老需求和已婚女性的家庭养老供给。研究发现,农村老人在经济、生活照料和情感上呈现出低需求化甚至无需求化特征;身兼儿媳和女儿双重角色的农村已婚女性在家庭养老供给上表现出低水平的总体特征和明显的角色差异;农村老人的家庭养老需求和已婚女性的家庭养老供给特征是家庭伦理、社会观念习俗和社会经济发展多种因素综合作用的结果。为此,提出全面推进乡村振兴战略、加快乡村产业振兴与加强农村精神文明建设相结合,是解决农村家庭养老问题的根本策略。

Based on the perspective of generational interaction between senior residents in rural areas and their daughters-in-law, and using the survey data from two villages in north China’s Shaanxi Province, the article analyzes the demand and supply of home-based nursing for the elderly. It finds that the rural elderly have had low or no demand from their family members in economy, living attendance and emotional support. Meanwhile, married women have failed to provide their own parents and parents-in-law with sufficient love and care as expected. Factors such as family ethics, social custom, and social and economic development, can explain the phenomenon for the imbalanced demand and supply of home-based nursing in rural China. Based on the findings and conclusion, we propose that the solution to the predicament of current home-based nursing in rural China lies in the implementation of rural revitalization, the acceleration of the prosperity of rural industry, and the consolidation of ethnic progress development in rural areas.