口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的研究进展

Research progress of oral appliances in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)是一种睡眠障碍,其特点是反复打鼾和咽气道部分或完全塌陷。该疾病可导致过度的白天嗜睡、认知障碍、情绪障碍和心血管疾病等。口腔矫治器(oral appliance,OA)是治疗OSA的有效手段,该文就近年来研究发现的OSA患者上气道结构的变化、OA机理、OA的主客观疗效评价、使用OA后对OSA患者高血压、神经心理、睡眠结构的影响及近远期副作用等的研究进展作一综述。

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a sleep disorder characterized by snoring and recurrent partial or complete collapse of the pharyngeal airway.OSA may result in excessive daytime sleepiness,neurocognitive and cardiovascular impairments.Wearing oral appliances is an effective treatment for OSA.The changes of airway structure on OSA,mechanism on oral appliances,subjective and objective evaluations of therapeutic effects of oral appliances,effects of oral appliances on hypertension,neuropsychology,sleep structure of OSA after using oral appliances and side effects are reviewed in this paper.