数字经济热潮下中国ICT制造业的发展质量及区域特征——基于省域数据的实证分析

The Development Quality and Regional Characteristics of China’s ICT Manufacturing Industry in the Digital Economy Boom: An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Data

本文运用DEA及DEA-Malmquist指数方法,对中国ICT制造业运行效率和TFP变化情况进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)数字经济兴起带来中国ICT制造业快速成长,但其TFP提升不足,平均技术水平甚至出现负增长;(2)2001年加入WTO为中国扩大市场、提高技术水平提供了契机,2005年以后梯度转移则让中西部欠发达省域获得较大技术和效率提升;(3)北京、上海、广东三地ICT制造业整体TFP都出现明显负增长,北京和上海成本高企,但却发挥出对周边省域的技术溢出效应,而广东则仍要归因于中低端环节规模膨胀。

Using Data Envelopment Analysis and DEA-Malmquist index, this article empirically analyzes the operational efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) of China s information and communication technology (ICT) manufacturing industry between 2000 and 2016.Results show that:(1) China s ICT manufacturing industry has expanded rapidly with the rising digital economy.However, due to insufficient TFP upgrade, its average technical level has experienced negative growth.(2) Joining the WTO in 2001 has brought opportunities for China s market expansion and technological improvement, while gradient transfer since 2005 has also allowed underdeveloped provinces in central and western China to largely improve their technology and efficiency;(3) Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong province have all experienced significant negative TFP growth in ICT manufacturing industry.Beijing and Shanghai are mainly facing unfavorably high cost, but their technology spillover effect is enjoyed by surrounding provinces.On the other hand, Guangdong s unsatisfactory performance is largely caused by excessive scale expansion in mid-and low-end subsectors.