不当得利纠纷与合同纠纷的重复起诉规制

The Constraints on Repeated Suits Concerning Unjust Enrichment Disputes and Contract Disputes

相同当事人之间就同一给付目的,可能依据合同上返还请求权或不当得利返还请求权分别提起多个诉讼。实体法根据合同上返还请求权与不当得利返还请求权的关系来确定请求权个数,但是实体请求权关系理论还不能直接适用到诉讼程序中解决重复起诉的问题。目前我国程序法上对重复起诉的判断要素包括当事人、诉讼标的和诉讼请求,其中诉讼标的学说众多,较难把握。不论采取什么诉讼标的学说,对重复起诉的规制都要兼顾案件事实的审查,并扩大适用客观诉的合并制度,以避免重复起诉弊端,在一个程序中解决相关纠纷、有效保护当事人的实体权利、防止矛盾冲突的裁判。

A party may sue several times for a same delivery purpose according to the claim of restitution based on a contract or on unjust enrichment.In the light of substantive laws, the number of claims should be fixed according to the relationship between the claims of restitution based on a contract and those based on unjust enrichment.However, this theory cannot be applied directly in the litigation procedures to solve the problem of repeated suits.For the moment, the judging elements of repeated suits in Chinese procedural laws include the parties, the objects and the claims, and the academic opinions about the objects are various and contentious.No matter which opinion is adopted, the constraints on the repeated suits should be made according to case facts, and the application of the objective joinder of objects should be expanded.These measures can avoid the demerits of repeated suits, solve relevant disputes in one proceeding, effectively protect the substantive rights of both parties, and prevent controversial judgements.