基于人菌共生和人体结构与功能的新发现为哲学提供新思考

New discoveries based on the symbiosis of human and gut flora and the structure and function of human body will provide new thinking for philosophy

如何正确地认识世界尤其是人类自己,对于在内心深处实现“安身立命”的目标极其重要,然而,究竟“什么是人”却成为亘古难题,需要我们一代人又一代人必须面对和努力回答。从生命科学和生物医学研究出发,提出需要对“什么是人”通过“一分为三”的方式进行重新定义,就有可能实现对“人”的正确理解,具体地,我们提出“人”可被理解为由三个在结构与功能上密切联系的系统构成的一个联合体,分别是:(1)肉体,受到人体生理系统(OS/1)自主控制;(2)菌群(尤其是肠道菌群),即人体共生微生物系统(OS/2),具有自主控制能力、但是会频繁向人体传递控制和刺激信号例如饥饿感等;(3)人脑,即人的认知系统(OS/3),具有思维判断、逻辑意识和精神分析能力。这三个系统分别对应于“人的生理性”、“人的心理性”以及“人的社会性”三方面,同时恰好对应了人体发育的三个阶段。基于上述生物学的新认识并将其用于慢病防控以及心理和欲望调控方面的临床实践,我们发现人体将会获得良好的慢病改善受益,而且身体健康状态和心理素质均得到显著提升,人脑的思维能力也显著活跃,精神层面也因为获得新理解而趋于愉悦。为此,我们期望并乐观地认为,在新的生命科学内涵对于人体结构与功能获得新理解的支持下,长期困扰我们的哲学问题将有可能逐渐走向“哲学2.0”时代,有望推动人类社会的自然科学和社会科学的研究发展进入新阶段,显著减少慢病、犯罪和战争等源于此前人类认知世界和认知自身的失序结果,从而促进“身、心、灵”三位一体大健康新时代的迅速到来。

How to correctly understand the world especially the human itself is extremely important to achieve the goal of known us by ourselves.However,“what is human”has become an eternal question,which needs to be faced and answered by generation after generation.Based on the research of life science and biomedicine in our studies,this paper points out that it is possible to realize the correct understanding of"human"by redefining"what is human"in the way of"dividing one into three parts".Specifically,we propose that"human"can be visualized as a combination of three systems closely linked in structure and function.The syntheses in the trinity form are:(1)the body is autonomously controlled by the human physiological system coding by the human genomic DNA system(OS/1);(2)the flora(especially the gut flora),i.e.the human symbiotic microbial genomic DNA system(OS/2),which has the ability of autonomous control,but frequently transmit thes controlling and stimulus signals to the human body,such as hunger sensation;(3)the human brain resposible for human recognition.The learning and memory system of the human brain(OS/3)has the ability of thinking,judgment,logical consciousness and psychoanalysis.These three systems correspond to the three aspects of"human physiology","human psychology"and"human sociality"as a trinity structure.At the same time,they correspond to the three stages of human development.Based on the new understanding of biology and the clinical practice in the prevention and control of chronic diseases and the regulation of psychology and desire,we find that the human body will benefit from the improvement of chronic diseases,and the physical health and psychological quality will be significantly improved,the thinking ability of the human brain is also significantly active,and the spiritual level will also benefit from the improvement of chronic diseases as well as the new understanding and tend to be happy in our heart.Therefore,we hope and optimistically believe that,with the support of the new life science connotation for the new understanding of the structure and function of human body,the philosophical problems that have plagued us for a long time may gradually move towards the era of"Philosophy version 2.0",and hopefully push the research and development of natural science and social science of human society into a new stage of reducing chronic diseases,crime and war,which originated from the disorder of human cognition of the world and itself,will promote the rapid arrival of a new era of the trinity(spirit,soul,body)of the human.