生活技能训练对精神发育迟滞患儿日常生活能力的影响研究

Study on the effect of life skill training on daily living ability of children with mental retardation

目的分析生活技能训练对优化精神发育迟滞患儿日常生活能力的应用价值。方法选择2016年1月至2019年1月郑州儿童医院收治住院的精神发育迟滞患儿60例,按就诊先后随机分为对照组与观察组各30例。对照组给予常规护理(如饮食干预、用药指导、健康教育等),观察组在对照组护理基础上给予生活技能训练。比较两组患儿日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分与社会适应能力评分情况以及家属对临床护理工作的认可度。结果观察组ADL评分为(24.22±4.13)分,显著低于对照组(34.25±5.67)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿社会适应能力评分(包括独立生活、社会交往、运动锻炼、自我管理)显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿家属对临床护理工作的认可度为93.33%(28/30),显著高于对照组73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在常规性护理的基础上对精神发育迟滞患儿进行生活技能训练,不仅能够有效强化患儿的日常生活能力与社会适应能力,并且还可进一步提升家属对临床护理工作的认可度,值得借鉴与推广。

Objective To analyze the application value of life skill training in optimizing the daily living ability of children with mental retardation. Methods A total of 60 children with mental retardation admitted to Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the order of admission,30 children in each group. The control group was given routine nursing care(such as dietary intervention, medication guidance, health education, etc.), and the observation group was given life skill training in addition to routine nursing care. The ADL scores and social adaptability scores of the two groups of children, as well as the family members' recognition of clinical nursing work were compared. Results The ADL score of the observation group was (24.22±4.13), significantly lower than that of the control group (34.25±5.67), and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The social adaptability scores (including independent living, social communication, exercise and self-management) of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences( P <0.05). Family members of children in the observation group had a recognition of clinical nursing work at 93.33%(28/30), which was significantly higher than that of the control group(73.33%,22/30), and the difference was statistically significant( P <0.05). Conclusion On the basis of routine nursing care, life skill training for children with mental retardation can not only effectively strengthen the children's daily living ability and social adaptability, but also further improve the family's recognition of clinical nursing work, which is worthy of reference and promotion.