废旧印刷电路板回收自动化生产线的评估试验

Evaluation test of automatic production line for recycling waste printed circuit boards

在现有废旧印刷电路板(WPCBs)机械-物理法回收技术基础上,完善电子元器件(ECs)拆解工艺,利用分级式冲击磨实现粗碎产物的细碎-分离一体化,建立WPCBs回收自动化生产线;分别进行WPCBs拆解试验、废旧印刷电路板基板(WPWBs)粗碎试验和粗碎产物的细碎-金属分离试验;对金属和非金属回收产物进行微观形貌表征;研究分级式冲击磨的分级机转速对金属与非金属回收产物的分离效率的影响;最后对生产线进行了经济性评估。结果表明:该生产线工艺简便,设备投资低,运行能耗低,利润高;产量达到300 kg/h,金属与非金属的分离效率达到94. 4%;回收的铜粉呈球状,其铜品位达95. 4%;符合WPCBs资源化技术的要求,实现WPCBs回收的大规模、工业化生产。

On the basis of the existing mechanical and physical recovery technology of waste printed circuit boards( WPCBs),the dismantling process of electronic components( ECs) was improved. In the meantime,the fine crushing of the coarse crushed products and the separation of metals from the fine crushed products were integrated by using the hierarchical impact mill. As a consequence,the automatic WPCBs recycling production line was established. ECs disassembly test,waste printed wiring boards( WPWBs) coarse crushing test and fine crushing-metal separation test of coarse crushing products were carried out. The recovery products of metal and nonmetal were characterized by micromorphology. The effect of the rotary speed of the classifier on the separation efficiency of metallic and nonmetallic products was studied. Finally,the economic evaluation of the production line was carried out. The results show that the production line is simple in technology,low in equipment investment,low in energy consumption and high in profit. The yield reaches 300 kg/h,and the separation efficiency of metal and nonmetal reaches 94. 4%. The recovered copper powder is spherical with a grade of 95. 4%. It meets the requirements of WPCBs recycling technology and realizes the large-scale and industrial production of WPCBs recycling.