河南省农村儿童与城市儿童夜遗尿患病率及影响因素的调查研究

Incidence of primary nocturnal enuresis and related influencing factors in children of rural and urban areas in Henan Province

目的了解农村儿童与城市儿童的夜遗尿(nocturnal enuresis,NE)患病率及尿不湿使用率和排尿训练对遗尿的影响。 方法2017年6月至2017年12月,作者随机选取河南省5个地级市的市区及其所辖农村小学及幼儿园5~12岁儿童进行NE患病率、尿不湿使用情况和排尿训练情况调查,共发放问卷3 141份,其中回收有效问卷2 773份,有效回收率为88.28%,问卷来自农村儿童 1 201 例,城市儿童1 572例。 结果 农村及城市5~12岁儿童NE患病率分别为4.33%和9.29%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2 =25.240, P <0.001);尿不湿使用率分别为76.44%和89.31%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2 = 81.949 , P <0.001);进行排尿训练的比例分别为95.75%和80.22%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2 =143.440, P <0.001 )。单因素分析发现,年龄、来源地、是否使用尿不湿、是否进行排尿训练是影响儿童发生NE危险因素( P <0.05)。多因素分析显示,来源地( OR =26.949,95%CI:13.402~ 54.188 )、不进行排尿训( OR =66.302,95%CI:34.020~129.217)是儿童NE的独立危险因素;年龄、性别和是否使用尿不湿尚没有发现与儿童NE存在关系。 结论 农村儿童NE患病率比城市儿童低,进行排尿训练的儿童NE患病率低,加强排尿训练有助于减少儿童NE的发生。

Objective To explore the incidence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children of rural and urban areas and elucidate the effects of disposable diaper and urination training on NE. Methods A random selection of children aged 5-12 of urban and rural primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in five cities in Henan Province were selected.A total of 3141 questionnaires were distributed and 2773 valid questionnaires collected.The effective recovery rate was 88.28%.There were rural ( n =1 201) and urban ( n =1 572) children. Results The incidence of NE was 4.33% and 9.29% in rural and urban children aged 5-12.And the difference was statistically significant (χ^ 2 =25.240, P <0.001);The disposable diaper using rates were 76.44% and 89.31% in rural and urban children and the difference was statistically significant (χ^ 2 =81.949, P <0.001);The urination training rates were 95.75% and 80.22% in rural and urban children and the difference was statistically significant (χ^ 2 =143.440, P <0.001).Single factor analysis of 2773 children s NE revealed that age,source of origin,disposable diaper using and urination training were associated with the prevalence of NE in children.Multiple factor analysis revealed that urban area was a risk factor for NE in children [ OR =26.949,95%CI(13.402~54.188)].And no urination training was a risk factor for NE in children[ OR =66.302,95%CI(34.020~129.217)]. Conclusion NE incidence of rural children is lower than that of urban children.And NE incidence of children receiving urination training is low.Strengthening urination training contributes to a lower incidence of NE.