“灰作六艺”——中国传统建筑石灰研究框架初探

‘Six Aspects of Lime Work’: A Research Framework of Building Lime in Traditional Chinese Architecture

中国古代建筑石灰生产的历史悠久、应用领域广泛,其技艺理应得到完整、全面、科学的解译与传承,并避免断章取义,片面照搬。在整理和研究学术界对古代建筑石灰已有研究成果的基础上,在现代科学研究成果的支撑下,文章从对历史文献的考证分析入手,尝试建立历史文献与考古实证之间的联系。提出对中国古代建筑石灰的研究可以从烧制石灰的原材料(石)、煅烧手段与方法(锻)、消解工艺(解)、配方设计(方)、施工工艺(工)及固化特点(固)等六个方面,全面完整地分析传统灰作技艺及其存在的问题。“灰作六艺”作为古代建筑石灰研究课题的框架,其所得成果,可以使建筑遗产保护实践在“原材料”层面获得坚实的基础。

Traditional building lime has a long history and a wide range of applications in ancient China. Its art should be completely, comprehensively and scientifically interpreted and inherited, so as to avoid the misinterpretation and partial copy. Based on the existing research results of traditional building lime and supported by modern scientific research results, this paper attempts to establish the connection between historical documents and archaeological evidence by textual research and analysis of historical documents. It proposes that the research of traditional building lime should be based on the following six aspects, including raw materials (stone, or shi), calcine methods (duan), slaking processes (jie), formula design (fang), construction process (gong) and curing characteristics (gu), and the traditional building lime and its existing problems could be analysed comprehensively. As a research framework of traditional building lime, the results of the ‘six aspects of lime work’ can lay a solid foundation for architectural heritage conservation practice in the aspect of ‘raw materials’.