基于四象限法则的高精度太阳能跟踪系统设计

Design of solar tracking system with high precision based on four-quadrant rule

针对固定式结构的太阳能装置存在太阳能利用率低和跟踪式结构的太阳能控制系统抗干扰能力差等问题,设计了一种基于四象限法则的双轴高精度跟踪系统。该系统采用自动跟踪和人为矫正两种模式,以四个光敏电阻作为检测元件,采用四象限原理判断跟踪的偏移夹角,通过STC89C52处理器驱动两维度的双轴步进电机,达到夹角垂直目的,保证太阳能板始终处于受光面最大状态。在系统受到干扰的情况下,根据能量监控系统中光敏电阻的变化情况进行判断,通过调制分压电阻的大小实现人为矫正。另外设计了基于LabVIEW的能量监控系统,通过实验系统分析可得:相比固定式太阳能装置的光电能量转换率提高了32.4%。

The solar energy device with fixed structure has the problems of low solar energy utilization and poor anti-jamming capability of the tracking structure of the solar control system.In this paper,a dual-axis high-precision solar tracking system based on four-quadrant rule was designed.The system adopted two modes of automatic tracking and artificial correction.With four photosensitive resistors as detection elements,four-quadrant principle was adopted to judge the tracking offset clip angle,through dual-axis stepper motor driven by STC89C52 processor,to achieve the vertical angle and ensure that the solar panel is always in the largest state of the light surface.Under the interference condition,according to the change of the photoresistor in the energy monitoring system,the system could be corrected by modulating the size of the voltage divider.In addition,an energy monitoring system based on LabVIEW was designed.Through real system analysis,it is concluded that the photoelectric energy conversion rate of the fixed solar device is increased by 32.4%.