后三峡时代农村移民的经济现状调查研究——基于劳动力流动视角

An investigation on the economic situation of rural immigrants in the post-three Gorges era-from the perspective of labor mobility

移民的经济问题不仅关乎其自身的生存状况,更关乎社会稳定。以重庆市涪陵区的若干移民小区的三峡工程农村移民为研究对象,从劳动力流动视角对农村移民的经济现状问题进行了调查研究。结果显示,受教育水平的提高对于劳动力的流动和经济收入的增长均有显著的促进作用;劳动力外流对于提高经济收入的作用明显;农村移民与原住民之间存在明显的经济差距成为隐藏的社会不稳定风险。基于此提出以下建议:①安置补偿政策、标准应经过充分调研,符合移民实际需要,同时兼顾原住民感受,避免因政策实施引发社会矛盾;②开展针对性、实用性强的职业技能培训,提高移民素质、增加移民收入;③引入社会力量解决人口老龄化问题,减轻农村移民家庭负担;④长远解决农村移民经济问题,需大力发展教育事业;⑤发展地方经济,增强就业吸纳能力,吸引年轻劳动力本地就业,增强本地经济活力。

The economic problems of immigrants are not only related to their own living conditions , but also to social stability. Taking the Three Gorges Project rural migrants in Fuling District of Chongqing city as the research object , an investigation was made , and the economic status of migrants from the perspective of labor mobility was analyzed. The results show that the improvement of education level has a significant role in promoting the flow of labor force and the growth of economic income , and the outflow of labor force has a significant role in improving economic income. The obvious economic gap between immigrants and aborigines has become a hidden risk of social instability. At the same time , the following suggestions are put forward :① the resettlement compensation policies and standards should be fully investigated to meet the actual needs of migrants , while taking into account the feelings of the aborigines , so as to avoid social contradictions caused by the implementation of the policies;②carry out targeted and practical vocational skills training to improve the quality of migrants and increase their income;③introduce social forces to solve the problem of population aging to reduce the burden of migrant families;④long-term solution to the economic problems of migrants requires vigorous development of education;⑤develop local economy to enhance the ability to absorb employment , and attract local employment of young workers , and enhance the vitality of local economy.