桥梁智能检测技术研究与应用

Research of Bridge Intelligent Inspection Technology and Application

为促进桥梁检测向更智能、更高效、更精确的方向发展,我国桥梁科研单位自主研发了一系列桥梁智能检测技术及装备。桥梁/路基竖向位移高精度自动监测技术,利用微压差半封闭连通管式竖向位移传感器,可高精度、全天候测试桥梁挠度和路基沉降;便携式无线智能索力检测技术,以智能手机作为终端,可便捷、高效地测试拉索索力;超声螺栓轴力测试技术,利用超声波高精度测量悬索桥索夹螺杆轴力;长大桥梁线形快速检测技术,可实现以厘米级的精度对长大桥梁及城市环线线形的普通车载式快速检测;结构外观病害及变形图像识别技术,可自动对桥梁表观病害与动态位移定量分析。在此基础上,研制了全自动智能机器人、巡检无人机替代传统的人工检测方式,实现了桥梁各类复杂、隐蔽、高空部位的检测。这些先进的桥梁智能检测技术已经在我国桥梁领域进行了工程应用,大幅提高了桥梁检测的广度、精度及效率。

In order to make the bridge inspection more intelligent,more efficient and more accurate,a series of bridge intelligent inspection technology and equipment have been developed independently by bridge research institutions in China.A high-precision automatic monitoring technology has been developed to measure bridge deflection and subgrade settlement,which takes use of vertical displacement sensors of micro-differential pressure semi-closed communicating pipes type and is able to measure the bridge deflection and subgrade settlement with high precision and without time limitation.The portable wireless intelligent cable force inspection technology with smart phones as terminals allows the cable force measurement more convenient and effective.The axial forces of bolts of cable clamps in suspension bridges can be measured with high precision by the ultrasonic measurement technology.The inspection technology to rapidly measure the alignment of long-span bridges can realize the centimeter-grade accuracy in rapid inspection of long-span bridges and urban ring road alignment by the vehicle-mounted devices.The image identification technology for surface damage and deformation of structures can automatically identify and quantitatively analyze the surface damages of a bridge.On the basis of all these inspection technologies,the automatic intelligent robot and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are developed to replace the traditional manual inspection method,which realizes the inspection of different types of complex,inaccessible and high-altitude locations in bridges.These advanced bridge intelligent inspection technologies have been employed in the field of bridge engineering in China,greatly improving the scope,accuracy and efficiency of bridge inspection.