身份的就业效应——“城市人”身份认同影响农民工就业质量的经验考察

The Employment Effect of Identity: An Empirical Study on the Impact of Urban Citizen Identity on Migrant Workers’ Employment Quality

农民工对于城市的归属认同不仅反映了这一群体的"融城"意愿,也可能影响其在务工地的劳动行为偏好乃至就业质量。文章在理论分析和建立假说的基础上,使用2014年流动人口专题调查数据,运用处理效应模型、工具变量回归等方法,实证检验"城市人"身份认同对农民工就业质量的影响效应及其可能的机制。结果发现,"城市人"的身份定位显著促进了农民工就业质量的提升。身份认同正向影响农民工就业质量可能存在某些内在机制,"城市人"身份认同有助于提升农民工对自身就业地位的认知,帮助其更好地融入城市劳动组织,并扩充其在劳动力市场中的社会资本,从而使其获得更多的就业机会。此外,"城市人"身份认同对农民工就业质量的作用存在基于个体特征和工作特征的异质效应。

The attribution of migrant workers to the city not only reflects the "willingness" of this group's integration into the city, but may also affect its labor behavior preference and even its employment quality. Based on a theoretical analysis, this paper uses the treatment effect and the tool variable regression method to test whether the urban citizen identity can help to improve the employment quality of migrant workers. The study finds that, urban citizen identity significantly promotes the employment quality of migrant workers. Urban identity helps to improve the awareness of migrant workers on their employment status, helps them better integrate into urban labor organizations, and expands their social capital in the labor market, so that they can obtain more employment opportunities, which may be the inherent influence mechanism. At the same time, the impact of urban citizen identity on the employment quality of migrant workers may have heterogeneous effects based on individual characteristics and job characteristics.