美术史知识生产中的“讹误”与“常识”——以马远字号为例

Confusions and Common Sense in the Knowledge Production of Art History:Take Ma Yuan’s Zi and Hao as an Example

马远在南宋及元代画史资料中的生平信息非常简略,但在明代突然有了“号钦山”一说,到清初又出现了“字遥父”、“字子钦”等称呼,及至20世纪后期,马远字号遂成为美术史“常识”。然而审视这一“常识”的“知识生成史”,并无依据,而是由明、清文人在形塑马远时陈陈相袭的“讹误”而来,属于画史书写中典型的“加法”。

While the introductions to the life of Ma Yuan(1140-1227)in the monographs of history of painting in the Southern Song Dynasty and Yuan dynasty are very brief,his Hao(literary name)Qinshan was pointed out all at once by certain scholars in the Dynasty of Ming and at the early Qing Dynasty,his Zi(courtesy name)Yaofu and Ziqin were asserted.Until the late 20th Century,the Zi and Hao of Ma Yuan have widely accepted as wcx)mmon senseM in art history.However,research on the history of knowledge generation of Ma Yuans Zi and Hao has no basis in fact,since it came from the"mistakes"of the literati in Ming and Qing dynasty,which is a typical waddition,in the writing of history of painting.