“还是”情态义的来源及浮现条件

The Formation and Emergence of the Modal Meanings of “Haishi”

“还是”的情态义(如言者非断然性选择、评价、认识等)由其选择肢联结功能发展而来。“还是”在转折句中能否浮现出持续义、情态义,取决于“还是”后谓语的情状特点(持续-非持续)及其主观性特征(自控-非自控),而“还是”所谓的微转折或反预期义则对语境的依赖性较大,需要借助转折连词或者语用预设的激活来实现。本文对“还是”诸多义项和用法的分析可以服务于“还是”的对外汉语教学。

This study argues that the modality of "haishi", including the speaker’s nondeterministic choice, evaluation, epistemic state, derive from its function of disjunctive connector in the alternative interrogatives. The emergence of the "alternativity" meaning of "haishi" is determined by the characteristics of the situation type(continuous vs. non-continuous) and subjectivity(self-control vs. non self-control) of the predicate after "haishi". However, the antiexpectation interpretation of "haishi" depends heavily on the context, and it needs to be realized by the co-occurrence of the adversative conjunction or the activation of the pragmatic presupposition. The analysis of the meaning and usage of "haishi" in this paper can contribute to the teaching of "haishi" to learners of Chinese as a second language.