从作者到贡献者:科学论文署名制度的困境与转型

From authorship to contributorship: The dilemma and transformation of the scientific signature system

署名制度对科学的运行至关重要。但是随着知识生产方式的变革,传统的作者模式暴露出诸多问题,于是贡献者模式被提出。贡献者模式能否解决署名问题,更好地实现科学论文署名制度的功能?深入考察科学论文署名制度的功能及作者模式的危机后发现,科学合作分工、商业化研究和数字化发表等现代科学活动特征导致了署名功能紊乱,而贡献者模式能更好地适应这些特征。贡献者模式替代作者模式的合理性在于:以矩阵式的二维贡献描述代替了线性的一维贡献描述,实现了更精准的贡献描述。但贡献者模式也未能完全反映真实贡献,并没有彻底解决署名问题。

Signature System is crucial to the operation of science.With the transformation of the production mode of knowledge,the traditional authorship has exposed the crisis.Then the contributor model was proposed.Can the contributorship solve the signature problem and better realize the function of the scientific signature system? After in-depth study of the function of the scientific signature system and the crisis of authorship,it is found that the characteristics of modern scientific activities,such as scientific cooperation, commercialization research and digital publication,lead to signature system dysfunction,and the contributorship could better adapt to these characteristics.The rationality of the contributor model replacing the author model is that the one-dimensional contribution description is replaced by the two-dimensional contribution description,which lead to a more accurate contribution description.However, the contributorship does not fully reflect the real contribution and does not completely solve the scientific signature problem.