论叶燮对杜诗“意”与“法”的批评

On Ye Xie’s View on Du Fu’s “yi” and “fa”

对杜诗“意”与“法”的分析,直到叶燮《原诗》出现才真正达到应有的深度。《原诗》中的“意”主要指向诗人在思维层面的感受能力和构思能力,而“法”则属于语言层面的构造能力和表达能力,诗歌创作正是二者经营理、事、情的过程。秉承着对“意”与“法”的洞见,叶燮对杜甫诗歌的字句和篇章分别进行了细致且深入的批评,力图还原诗人本“意”,昭彰诗作“法”理。叶燮的批评实践,不仅是从诗歌本位对宋、明、清初诗学风气的有力反拨,更是其诗学理论自立的重要基础,对其后诗学的发展亦产生深远影响。

The analysis of Du Fu’s "yi" and "fa" reached its due depth until the emergence of Ye Xie’s Original Poetry. "yi" in Original Poetry mainly points to the poet’s ability to feel and conceive at the level of thinking,while "fa" belongs to constructive and expressive skills of the linguistic level. Poetry writing is the process of combining the two to express rules,affairs and emotions. Adhering to the insights into "yi" and "fa",Ye Xie has carefully and deeply criticized the diction and discourse of Du Fu’s poems,trying to restore the poet’s "yi" and revealing "fa". Ye Xie’s critical practice is not only a powerful counterpoint to the poetic style of the Song,Ming and Qing Dynasties,but also an important basis for his poetic theory to be self-reliant. It also has a profound influence on the development of poetics of the latter generations.