“择优”的先见与经典文本的生成——以赵次公校勘杜诗异文为例

The Foresight of “Selecting the Best” and the Formation of Canons —— Taking Zhao Cigong’s Investigation on Variants in Du Shi’s Poems as an Example

宋代杜诗存在大量难用版本校对勘定的异文,注家赵次公不迷信旧本,坚持文本分析,择善而从。其勘定异文的标准主要来自对杜诗诗义表达、写作规范、创作技巧、诗歌风格、后世接受等方面规律的总结。赵次公认为凭此可以恢复杜诗原貌或使之达到相应水平,但这种由“训诂统辖校勘”的方式,实质上是在先见影响下进行的文本筛选。这一现象体现了杜诗在离开作者进入公共阐释空间后,被自觉或不自觉地改造并经典化的过程。

There are a large number of variants in Du Fu's poems in the Song Dynasty which are hard to be proof read with former collections. Not superstitious in the old books, Zhao Cigong insists on text analysis to select the best. The criteria of collation mainly includes Du Shi's poetry expression, writing norms, writing skills, poetry style, and acceptance of later generations. Zhao Cigong believes that it is possible to restore the original appearance of Du's poems or to achieve the corresponding level. However, this method of “collecting and arranging the collation”is essentially a text screening under the influence of foresight. This phenomenon reflects the process of conscious or unconscious transformation of Du Fu's poems and canonization after leaving the author to enter the public interpretation space.