《孟子》“天下之言性也”章疏证

An Interpretation of Chapter 26 of Mencius

《孟子》"天下之言性也"章对孟子"人性论"的理解非常重要,但此章历来难解,而前两句尤为难解。难解的根源,在于段落独立、词义不明。"故"、"利"二字,众说纷纭,前贤注解已多不同,近人又援引郭店楚简等新材料来解释"故"、"利"二字,遂使文意更为繁复不清。本文联系孟子的"人性论"思想,取用《孟子》材料,以《孟子》证《孟子》,证明"故"字在此应解释为"已然之迹"。在此基础上,探讨孟子思想中"人性论"、"智者穿凿"、"禹之行水"之间的关系,提出笔者对本章的见解,以就教于方家。

Mencius’ Chapter " AS for what World in general says about our nature" is very important to understand Mencian theory of human nature, but this chapter has always been difficult to understand, and the first two sentences are particularly difficult to understand.The root of the difficulty lies in the independence of the paragraph and the ambiguity of the meaning of the word.There are many different opinions about the word " former" and " benefit", and the annotations of the predecessors are different.Some people have quoted Guodian bamboo slips and other new materials to explain the word " former" and " benefit", which makes the meaning more complicated and unclear.Based on Mencian theory of human nature, this paper uses the materials of Mencius to prove Mencius’ thought and prove that the word "former" should be interpreted as "the trace of the past".On this basis,this paper explores the relationship between the " theory of human nature"," the piercing of wise men" and " Yu’s control to water"in Mencius’ thought,and puts forward the author’s views on this chapter.