“自然”是一个社会范畴何以可能？——一种发生学视角的探析

How is it Possible that “Nature” is a Social Category?——A Genetic Perspective Analysis

《历史与阶级意识》是卢卡奇的马克思主义路程中的一个重要路标。而作为"马克思主义学徒期"的卢卡奇对"自然"概念的分析则具有多重背景支撑。资本主义物化状况对人类生存意义的消蚀以及匈牙利无产阶级运动的发展状况构成了"自然"概念的现实基础。而"自然"概念也是卢卡奇庞杂思想的理论显现,相较于庸俗马克思主义的机械式理解,卢卡奇对马克思自然观的认知则是革命乌托邦主义的。康德的"自在之物"则为卢卡奇的"自然"概念提供了理论与现实的双重支援,而黑格尔的"第二自然"则奠基了卢卡奇"自然"概念的理论底色。这种历史与理论背景的双重揭示将为进一步敞开卢卡奇的"自然"概念准备了背景性前提。

History and Class Consciousness is an important landmark in lukacs’ marxist journey.Lukacs’s analysis of the concept of " nature" as a " marxist apprentice" has multiple backgrounds.The erosion of the significance of the reification of capitalism and the development of the proletarian movement in Hungary constitute the realistic basis of the concept of "nature".The concept of " nature" is also a theoretical manifestation of lukacs’ complex thoughts.Compared with the mechanical understanding of vulgar marxism,lukacs’ cognition of Marx’s view of nature is revolutionary utopianism.Kant’s " thing-in-itself" provides both theoretical and practical support for lukacs’s concept of " nature", while Hegel’s " second nature" lays the foundation for lukacs’s concept of " nature".This double revelation of historical and theoretical background will prepare the background premise for further opening up lukacs’ concept of "nature".