论苏轼诗歌中的“孤独”书写

On the “Isolation” Expressing in Su Shi’s Poems

在苏轼的诗歌中,"孤独"是一个经常闪现的主题,而在对"孤独"的书写中,诗人也倾向于将自己塑造为一个"孤独者"。一方面,在对传统"独游"主题的受容和改造下,通过对"孤旅人"这层身份的自我体认,诗人企图借助宿命论来消解一生谪宦生涯中那种身为独游者的悲哀,但士大夫的强烈自觉又使他于独游之时不停地向世俗回望,特别是当"独游"与佛寺、道观等世外之境相接时;另一方面,通过对外界孤独以及孤绝之物的凝视和美化,借助儒家诗教中的比兴和言志传统,诗人完成了对"孤独"那种移情式的参与和拥抱,并在这种参与和拥抱中实现了其作为"孤赏者"对自我孤独的审视与接纳。

In Su Shi’s poems," isolation" is a frequently flashing theme.The poet also tends to portray himself as a "loner" by the isolation expressing.On the one hand,under the acceptance and transformation of the traditional theme of " Solo-Travel", through the self-recognition of the identity of " solitary traveler", the poet attempts to use fatalism to dispel the sadness of being a solo traveler in his life of relegation, but the strong consciousness of being a scholar-bureaucrat makes him constantly look back to the secular world in the meantime,especially when he travels in Buddhist temples and Taoist abbeys alone.On the other hand,through gazing at and beautifying the lonely and isolated things outside,and with the help of Bi-xing and Yan-zhi in traditional Confucian poetry theory,the poet has realized the empathic participation and embrace of isolation, that leads to the examination and acceptance of his own loneliness as a lonely appreciator.