论资本主义“自我否定”的逻辑——基于《资本论》及其手稿的批判性考察

A Discussion on the Logic of "Self-Negation" of Capitalism——Based on the Critical Investigation of Das Kapital and Its Manuscripts

马克思是善用辩证法的大师。在批判省思黑格尔和蒲鲁东思想的基础上,马克思"合理运用"否定性原则揭示了资本主义的产生、发展和灭亡的全过程。通过对资本主义生产方式、阶级结构和经济范畴的"内在否定"因素的政治经济学批判,马克思确证了资本主义社会发展的动力源泉;通过对资本主义生产生活所遭受的来自自然的、道德的、法律的和资本本身的限制,马克思为我们呈现了资本主义运行的界域,也再次指认了"资本是一个活生生的矛盾";通过对"虚幻共同体"的勘察和"真正共同体"的畅想,马克思阐释了超越资本主义的方法和道路。以此来看,马克思在对资本主义社会的实质性批判中践行着"改变世界"的承诺。

Marx is a master of dialectics. On the basis of criticizing the thoughts of Hegel and Proudhon, Marx reasonably applied the principle of negation and revealed the whole process of the emergence, development and demise of capitalism. Through the Political Economic Critique of the inherent negation factors of capitalist mode of production, class structure and economic categor y, Marx conf irmed the source of power for the development of capitalist society;through the limitation of natural and moral suffering of capitalist production and life. Marx has presented the boundaries of the operation of capitalism. Through the investigation of the unreal community and the real community, Marx explained the methods and roads beyond capitalism. So we can see Marx practiced the promise of changing the world in his substantive criticism of capitalist society.