利益、制度调解与政治想象——“非正常上访“为何成为一种选择?

Interest, Institutional Mediation and Political Imagination:Why and How does An Abnormal Petition become an Option?

提出利益、制度调解和政治想象的分析框架来解释“非正常上访”的生发机制,这三个变量正好对应着“非正常上访”发生和演进的三个场域,即民众日常生活场域、地方政府权力场域和权力中心场域。民众日常生活场域是信访相关纠纷和冲突产生的原始场所,也是信访的起点。这些纠纷和冲突随后输入到地方政府的权力场域中,由基层政府负责化解。当基层政府的制度调解无法达到预期效果或者信访人对调解结果不满意时,信访人往往由于对上级政治权威抱有政治想象,试图越过基层政府将其诉求输入到更高级政治系统乃至最高权力中心。在不同的场域中,不同行动主体进行着互动,且不同场域之间紧密联系,环环相扣。“非正常上访”正是产生于不同场域之间的互动过程。

An analytical framework that consists of interest,institutional mediation and political imagination is proposed to explain the occurring mechanism of abnormal petitions since these three variables rightly correspond to the three fields in which abnormal petitions occur and evolve,namely the daily life field of the people,the power field of local government and the power field of central government.The daily life field of the people is the original place where relevant disputes and conflicts initially happen,as well as the starting point of petitions.These disputes and conflicts are subsequently input into the power field of local government,and are resolved by the grass-roots govern?ment.When the institutional mediation in this field fails to achieve the desired effect or satisfy the petitioners,the petitioners are often motivated by their political imagination about the political authority of the higher level,trying to surmount the local field and resort to the upper-level political system,and even the power center of central government.In the distinct fields,different actors interact with each other,and these fields are connected closely and successively.Abnormal petitions just arise in the interaction process among the different fields.