论推定信托在中国的引入

On the Introduction of Implied Trusts in China

我国《信托法》的设计是以明示信托为主,其规定的信托种类过于狭窄。立足现有民商事法律实践,推定信托的引入具有突出的可行性与广泛的适用空间。在英美法系,与其他信托一样,推定信托属于衡平法的范畴,需要贯彻衡平法的基本价值理念,因此理解推定信托需要结合衡平法上的格言。中国法上,推定信托可以在多个包含信任因素的场景中加以引入,例如一房多卖、隐名出资与股权代持、监护与照管等法律领域。推定信托的引入可以有多种路径,包括法官的法解释学工作、最高院出台专门司法解释、修改《信托法》等形式。

The legislation of China Trust Law mainly focuses on the express trusts,and the types of trusts stipulated are largely limited.Given the present practice of civil and business legal system,the introduction of implied trusts is of prominent feasibility and wide applicability.In the British and American legal systems,the implied trust,like other kinds of trusts,belongs to the category of equity law,and involves the implementation of its basic ideas.Therefore,understanding the implied trust should follow the maxims of equity.In the Chinese law,the implied trust can be introduced in a few situations consisting of the confidence factor,such as the legal fields of multiple sales of one house,anonymous investment and share-holding entrustment,guardianship and trusteeship,and so on.The introduction of implied trust can be realized via such approaches as the legal interpretations by the judges,the particularly judicial interpretations issued by the Supreme People’s Court,and the modification of China Trust Law.