新时代的国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革

The reform of institutional environment based on the reconstruction of spatial planning in the new era

在全面推进生态文明建设背景下,急需建立适合中国国情的国土空间开发保护制度和国土空间规划体系,这是新时期建立空间治理体系的重要任务。在国务院新一轮的机构改革背景下,空间类规划的编制职能向自然资源部集中,急需探索和建立全国国土空间规划体系的总体框架和制度环境改革的推进路径。研究表明:国家国土空间规划体系的重建取决于三个方面,一是依赖于部门的职能整合,二是国土空间规划体系的整合与重构,三是依赖于制度环境改革。因此,在机构改革逐步完成的形势下,需要从国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革两个路径着手,从国家、省域、市县等层面阐述了中国国土空间规划体系的重建思路,构建五级四类、上下衔接、分级管理的国土空间规划体系。从确定国土空间开发保护制度、专业人才培养、规划资质管理、推进立法等几个方面推进制度环境改革。最后从推进国土空间规划立法、审批程序前置和推进相关法律法规修改完善等方面提出具体举措,以确立国土空间规划的法定地位与统领作用。结合新时期国土空间规划编制,提出了尽快出台国土空间规划编制办法和技术规程、重新调整中国国土空间规划编制的时序安排、加强技术队伍建设等若干建议。

In the context of advancing the construction of ecological civilization in an all-round way, it is urgent to establish a territorial development and protection system supported by the spatial planning system suitable for China's national conditions. Aiming to solve the problems of uncoordinated plans and ununified land classification, based on the major function-oriented zoning in China, the spatial planning system must be established, which should be an important task to establish the spatial governance system in the new era. Based on the analysis of various types of spatial planning conflict, the principal causes of conflict were analyzed. Combined with the compilation of territorial spatial planning in the new period, some suggestions are put forward, such as promulgating the compilation methods and technical regulations of territorial spatial planning as soon as possible, readjusting the timing arrangement of the compilation of territorial spatial planning in China, and strengthening the construction of planning technical team.