环渤海地区农业地域功能演进及其影响因素

Spatio-temporal differentiation of agricultural regional function and its impact factors in the Bohai Rim region of China

农业地域功能是农业地理学的重点理论问题之一,也是关乎粮食安全和区域农业可持续发展的重要实践课题。以环渤海地区为例,通过构建评价体系开展农业地域功能划分及其演进分析,利用空间计量模型诊断农业地域多功能形成的影响因素。结果表明:①环渤海地区生态保育功能的空间集中度较高,农产品供给、就业与社会保障、文化传承与休闲功能则较低,4种功能空间格局具有显著规律性。②农产品供给功能显著增强,主要分布区域向平原农区聚集;就业与社会保障高值区从内陆向沿海转移;山地丘陵生态保育功能有所增强;市辖区及周边的文化传承和休闲功能较显著。③农产品供给功能主导型县域集中于冀中南平原、鲁西北冲击平原、胶莱平原和辽河平原西部;社会保障主导型集中在燕山山麓平原、滨海平原、胶东半岛以及黄河三角洲;生态保育主导型集中在冀北坝上高原、燕山山地地区,以及辽西、辽东山地丘陵区和京津冀都市圈周边;文化传承与休闲功能集中于京津冀、辽中南和济南都市圈及周边;综合型位于鲁西南黄淮平原与鲁中南丘陵地区。④自然因素对农产品供给、就业与社会保障和生态保育功能的形成均具有显著影响;社会经济因素对4种功能的作用则具有较大差异。

The agricultural regional function is an important scientific problem in agricultural geography research, and it is also the important practical issue related to the national food security and sustainable development of regional agriculture. Taking the Bohai Rim region of China as an example, this paper identified the agricultural regional function as four types including agricultural products supplying function (APF), labor employment and social security function (LEF), ecological conservation function (ECF), and cultural heritage and recreational function (CRF) and their spatial pattern and evolution process were explored. The study also identified the agricultural regional type and the impact factors affecting the four functions using cluster analysis method and spatial econometric model. The results indicate that: Firstly, the degrees of spatial concentration of the APF, LEF and CRF were low, while that of the ECF was high. The spatial distributions of the four functions presented obvious regularity. Secondly, the APF enhanced largely, its center of gravity was further concentrated in plain agricultural areas. The high value areas of the LEF shifted from inland to coastal areas. The ECF of hilly areas further highlighted. Advantage areas of the CRF were concentrating in the municipal districts and their surrounding counties. Thirdly, the leading counties of the APF were distributed in central and southern plains of Hebei province, the impact plain of northwest Shandong, the Jiaolai plain and the west of Liaohe plain. The leading counties of LEF were distributed in piedmont plain of Yanshan and coastal plain of Hebei province, Jiaodong Peninsula and the Yellow River Delta region. The leading counties of the ECF were distributed in Bashang plateau, mountainous region of Yanshan, hilly area of eastern and western Liaoning province, and the surrounding areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. The leading counties of the CRF were distributed in the surrounding areas of central-south Liaoning urban agglomerations, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region and Jinan metropolitan area. Comprehensive counties were distributed in the Huang-Huai plain and hilly areas of central-south of Shandong province. Fourthly, natural factors possessed a significant impact on the formation of the three functions including APF, LEF and ECF, while social and economic factors on the impact of the four functions were quite different. The study reveals the regularity and influence mechanism of the evolution of agricultural regional function, which can provide theoretical basis for scientific guidance of regional division of labor, strengthening of leading function, highlighting regional value and promoting regional coordinated development.