气吹式防堵大豆免耕播种机设计与试验

Design and experiment of air blowing anti-blocking soybean notillage seedling machine

针对现有秸秆全量还田大豆免耕播种机常出现秸秆堵塞、架苗等问题,设计一种基于气吹式防堵大豆免耕播种机,此播种机采用风扇与浅旋刀配合方式,利用气流场将秸秆吹散,达到洁区免耕目的。利用EDEM和fluent软件,仿真验证机具三维模型,仿真结果均满足设计要求。田间试验结果表明,在播种机前进速度0.8m·s^-1,浅旋刀转速200r·min^-1,入土深度50mm,风扇转速2500r·min^-1时气吹式防堵大豆免耕播种机秸秆清洁率为80.55%,晾籽率为0.95%,机具通过性良好。利用气流场解决播种过程秸秆堵塞、架苗等问题,填补大豆免耕播种机在该研究方向空白,为大豆免耕播种机设计提供参考。

In order to solve the problems of straw blockage and seedling setting in the existing soybean no-tillage seeder, a kind of no-tillage seeder based on air blowing was designed in this paper. The seeder adopts the way of fan and shallow rotary knife to blow the straw away by air flow field, so as to achieve the purpose of no-ploughing in clean area. The 3D model of the machine was verified by EDEM and fluent software, and the simulation results met the design requirements. Field experiments showed that the cleaning rate of the straw of the sowing machine was 80.55%, the drying rate was 0.95%, and the machine passed well when the speed of the sowing machine was 0.8 m· s^-1, the rotation speed of the shallow rotary knife was 200 r· min^-1, the depth of the soil was 50 mm, and the speed of the fan was 2 500 r· min^-1. In this study, the air flow field was used to solve the problems of straw blockage and seedling setting in the working process of the seeder, which filled in the blank of the soybean notillage seeder in this direction and provided a reference for the design and popularization of the soybean no-ploughing seeder.