四川省近10年小麦区试产量性状分析

Wheat Yield Traits of Sichuan Province Trials in Last Decade

【目的】为给今后四川小麦高产育种提供借鉴。【方法】统计了2006—2017年四川省小麦区试参试品系的6项产量及相关农艺性状,分析了各性状的演变规律和相关性。【结果】该阶段四川小麦单产有明显增加,达标品系的平均单产已超过5 500 kg/hm^2。与过去10年相比,单产从5 024.10 kg/hm^2增加到5 559.20 kg/hm^2,增加了10.6%,年均增加0.9%。穗粒数从40.0粒上升到43.5粒,差异达极显著水平;千粒重从43.6 g上升到45.5 g,差异显著;有效穗差异不显著。【结论】产量的增加主要源自穗粒数的增加,其次是千粒重的提高。人工合成小麦衍生品种在产量提升中发挥了积极的作用。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of yield potential in Sichuan.【Method】Six yield and yield-related agronomic traits of wheat lines in Sichuan province trials from 2006 to 2017 were collected and their evolution and correlation were also analyzed.【Result】There was a significant improvement in the yields of wheat lines tested in Sichuan regional trials and the average yield of outstanding lines have overstepped 5 500 kg/hm^2. In the past decade,the yield has increased by 10.6%,varing from 5 024 kg/hm^2 to 5 559 kg/hm^2. The annual increase rate was 0.9%. Meanwhile,grains per spike was significantly increased from 40.0 to 43.5. Thousand kernel weight was significantly increased from 43.6 g to 45.5 g. Nevertheless,there was no significant increase in the number of effective ear.【Conclusion】Therefore,the yield increase was mainly resulted from increases in grains per spike and thousand kernel weight. Derivative cultivars from synthetic hexaploid wheats palyed a positive role in yield improvement.