从明清琴画之论看文人艺术的美学共性与差异

The Aesthetic Similarities and Differences of Literati Art Based on the Studies of Musical Instrument Qin and Paintings during Ming and Qing Dynasties

中国古代文人为今人留下丰厚的艺术遗产,明清时期文人艺术,尤其是绘画和琴学理论与实践,成绩尤为突出,琴画艺术精神和审美共性的普世价值受到世人关注。文人艺术家更加崇尚精神境界,他们凭借知识的力量,渊博的学识,以“本心”为引领,挥发艺术创作个性,拓展出新的境界和局面。每个历史时期都会产生其自身的文人艺术精神,明清文人更重视“心”的自由释放,以“心”导“意”,用“真性情”来挥发艺术个性,无论是清淡、闲逸、古雅、脱俗,还是对身体和精神的放浪形骸、愤世嫉俗,文人始终将精神视为艺术的内在生命力。

Ancient Chinese literati have left a rich artistic heritage for contemporary people among which the literati art in Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially those theories and practices in paintings and the musical instrument Qin gained an outstanding achievement and hence the artistic spirit and the universal values of aesthetic similarities in Qin and paintings have aroused people’s wide concern.The literati artists were more likely to advocate the spiritual state who expanded the new frontier and prospects for artistic creation guided by “originality” with their profound knowledge.Every historical period would generate its own literati artistic spirit, of which, the literati in Ming and Qing Dynasties more valued the “emotional” release with the “heart” guiding the “mind”.They outpoured their artistic individuality with “disposition” whether it be the delicate, the leisured, the elegant or the exceptional, or whether it is displayed as the unconventional, the unrestrained or the cynical in body and in mind.All those have always been regarded as the inherent vitality of art by literati.