2015-2017年全国放射卫生技术机构γ能谱考核结果总结与分析

Summary and analysis of national-wide γ-spectrometry assessment for radiological health institutions from 2015 to 2017

目的规范我国放射性卫生技术机构的实验操作及数据处理,更好地开展全国γ能谱考核工作,提升各γ能谱实验室的测量和分析能力,从而提高测量环境样品结果的准确性。方法汇总2015-2017年全国放射卫生技术机构土壤考核样品中232Th、40K和137Cs活度浓度的测量结果,对我国γ能谱实验室的考核结果进行了总结和分析。结果截至2017,来自全国25个省份的放射卫生技术机构参加了本次考核,涉及的领域有疾病预防控制中心、出入境检验检疫局、科研院所、大学和检测公司等。参加机构数从40增加到48,年合格率均超过90%,优秀率≥ 11%。2017年考核中,232Th、40K和137Cs测量结果与参考值的相对偏差<10%所占的份额均超过80%,整体结果的准确性越来越好。而U值和Z值同时<1的机构数从11家增加到25家,其精确度也得到了较大提高。结论我国放射卫生技术机构γ能谱实验室有较好的测量和分析能力,测量结果准确可靠,能满足在核辐射应急情况下环境样品测量及食品中放射性核素风险监测的需求。但个别机构的结果与参考值的相对偏差较大,其测量和分析能力还有待加强。

Objective To standardize the operation and data processing in radiological health institutions in China, in order to promote the assessment of γ-spectrometry, improve the measurement and analysis capabilities of each laboratory, and accordingly improve accuracy of environment sample measuring. Methods By collecting the values of 232Th, 40K and 137Cs contents in soil samples from 2015 to 2017, the assessment results of γ-spectrometry laboratores were summarized and analyzed. ResultsThe technical institutions from 25 provinces were involved in the assessment until 2017, including disease control and prevention centers, entry-exit inspection and quarantine agencies, research institutes, universities and companies. The number of participants was increased from 40 to 48, and the qualified rate exceeded 90%, and the excellent rate was no less than 11% each year. The percentage of relative deviation less than 10% between the measuring result of 232Th, 40K and 137Cs contents and the reference value was larger than 80% in 2017. The accuracy became better. However, the number of institutions with U and Z score less than 1 was increased from 11 to 25, suggesting that the precision of measuring result has also been greatly improved. Conclusions Radiological health institutions in China have good measurement and analysis capabilities with regard to γ-spectrometry, which can meet the needs of environmental sample measurement and in-food radionuclide risk monitoring in an emergency of nuclear and radiation. But a few institutions' measuring results were largely different from the reference values, as a consequence, it is important to strengthen their ability of measurement and analysis.