机载LiDAR点云建筑物屋顶轮廓线自动提取研究综述

Automatic Extraction of Building Rooftop Outlines Using Airborne LiDAR: A Review

建筑物作为城市中最主要的人工地物,其三维模型是智慧地球建设的重要数据支撑,实现精准自动化三维重建至关重要。机载激光雷达(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)技术因具有环境约束小、操作成本低、采集速度快、数据精度高、可全天候获取地物空间信息等优势,已成为自动提取建筑屋顶轮廓线辅助建筑三维重建的主要数据源。首先对建筑屋顶轮廓线提取技术的发展历程进行简要回顾,再根据以往研究内容总结出一套较为通用的技术流程;该技术流程4个关键步骤为点云滤波、建筑物提取、屋顶轮廓线提取和轮廓线规则化;对每一步骤的实现方法、常用算法、发展现状以及面临问题进行详细阐述和对比分析。最后,对本技术面临的挑战和未来发展趋势进行讨论。

Buildings are one the most important artificial features of a city. The 3D models of buildings provide primary data supports for the construction of intelligent earth and are key for the accurate and automatic 3D reconstruction of the city. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) has the advantages of low environmental constraints and operation cost, fast acquisition with high accuarcy, and all-weather access to geospatial information. It has thus been used as the main data source for automatic extraction of building rooftop outlines. This article provides a brief review on the progress of automatic extraction of building rooftop outlines. A more general technical process has been proposed which includes four main steps. That is, point cloud filtering, building extraction, rooftop outlines extraction and regularization. Detailed algorithm, processes, condition and challenges of each step has been introduced. Finally, challenges and future trends of the technology of automatic extraction of building rooftop are discussed.