基于机载点云数据的高精度水域DEM快速生成方法

A Method for Rapid Generation of High Precision DEM of Water Areas Based on Airborne LiDAR Point Cloud Data

由于水域内机载点云数据稀疏或缺失,在生产高精度DEM时需要对水域区域进行分别处理,人工操作工作量大,且难以保持水域内DEM高程的自然平缓过渡。目前将水域和其他区域分开处理的DEM数据生产方法,不仅增加了数据处理的难度和工作量,也会引入水域和其他区域的DEM接边误差,影响数据质量。为此,提出一种基于机载点云数据的高精度水域DEM快速生成方法。该方法首先利用水域边界与原始机载点云数据,通过分段插值拟合生成水域内点云数据;进而,将插值生成的水域点云数据与原始点云数据进行合并获得完整点云数据;最后,利用合并后的完整点云数据生产高精度DEM数据。通过实验分析发现,该方法能够实现水域与其他区域的DEM一体化生产,提升DEM数据处理自动化水平,且能保证水域DEM的高程精度与自然平滑过渡要求。

Due to sparsity and deficiency of airborne LiDAR point cloud data of water areas, a labor-intensive data processing is needed to produce high precision DEM of those water areas. Even though, it is still very difficult to keep a natural and smooth transition of elevations of water areas. Existing methods processed water areas and other areas independently. It not only brought difficulties and redundant workload, but also induced errors and influenced data quality. To deal with this problem, this article presents a method for rapid generation of high precision DEM of water areas. Firstly, based on the boundary of the water areas and the original LiDAR point cloud data, the dense points of water areas were simulated and generated by the piecewise interpolation algorithm. Then, the generated cloud point data and the original LiDAR cloud point data were combined. Finally, the high-precision DEM was produced by the combined LiDAR point cloud data. Results shown that this method could realize the integrated production of DEM of water areas and other areas, which greatly reduces the complexity of data processing. It ensures elevation accuracy and meets the requirements of a natural and smooth transition of elevations of water areas.