1971—2018年高要降水的气候特征

Climatological Characteristics of Precipitation in Gaoyao in 1971-2018

利用高要站(59278)1971—2018年的逐日降水资料,通过数理统计、最小二乘法等方法对高要的降水气候特征进行分析。结果表明:高要平均年降水量为1664.2mm,年降水量最多2221.0mm(2008年),最少1239.7mm(1977年);四季占全年降水量的分布为:夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;平均年雨日(日降水≥0.1mm)为151.9d,年雨日最长188d(1975年),最短117d(2011年),月雨日最多26d;年雨日总体上呈明显下降趋势,大致每10年减少4.7d;全年的不同等级降水分布为:小雨日(102.9d)>中雨日(28.6d)>大雨日(14.6d)>暴雨日(5.1d)>大暴雨日(0.6d),其中大雨以上等级降水集中出现在5、6、8月。

Using the day-to-day precipitation data of an observation station in Gaoyao(59278) in 1971-2018 and with the methods of mathematical statistics and least squares, this work analyzes the climatological characteristics of precipitation in Gaoyao. The result is shown as follows. The annual mean precipitation of Gaoyao during this period was 1 664.2 mm, with 2008 having the most annual amount(2 221.0 mm) and 1977 the least(1 239.7 mm). Of the four seasons, summer had the most abundant precipitation, followed in turn by spring, autumn and winter. Annual mean number of rain days(daily amount≥0.1 mm) was 151.9 d, with 1975 having the most annual rain days(188 d) and 2011 the least(117 d). Maximum monthly mean number of rain days was 26 d. In general, the annual mean number of rain days significantly decreased by about 4.7 d every 10 years. For the annual number of days with rain of different intensity across the course of a year, light rain led by 102.9 d, followed in turn by moderate rain(28.6 d), heavy rain(14.6 d), unusually heavy rain(5.1 d) and exceptionally heavy rain(0.6 d). Precipitation at and above the intensity of heavy rain mostly occurred in May, June and August.