近代中国文化保守主义政治哲学传统新探

Exploring the Political Philosophy Tradition of Cultural Conservatism in Modern China

文化保守主义是近代中国三大社会思潮之一,其政治哲学传统的代际传承与学术谱系以梁启超开其端,中间经国家社会党张君劢、张东荪,最后到牟宗三等现代新儒家第二代。面对传统中国向现代中国转变的时代主题,此传统以现代国家建构为核心关切和思考重点,从文化、政治、经济三方面建立了完备的儒家政治哲学体系,为近代中国提供了文化保守主义的建国方案。此建国方案试图在个人自由和社会公道之间兼筹并顾,这是其对自由主义超越之处。但是由于理论和现实的原因,该方案并没有成为近代中国的选项。尽管如此,其理论探索对我们当前的中国特色社会主义建设仍有一定启发意义。

Cultural conservatism is one of the three major social thoughts in modern China. Its intergenerational inheritance and academic genealogy in the tradition of political philosophy began with Liang Qichao, developed by national social party members, such as Zhang Junmai, Zhang Dongsun and ended with the second generation of modern Neo-Confucianism like Mou Zongsan. Facing the transition from traditional China to modern China, the tradition of political philosophy takes the construction of a modern state as its major concern, establishes a complete Confucian political philosophy system from three aspects, including culture, politics and economy, and provides modern China with a founding plan of cultural conservatism. This nation-founding plan attempts to combine individual freedom with social justice, which is transcendence over liberalism. However, due to theoretical and practical reasons, this conservative founding plan has not been adopted for modern China. Nevertheless, a theoretical exploration of this plan has certain implications for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.