干细胞移植用于周围神经再生的研究进展

Research Advances in Stem cell Transplantation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

周围神经再生是复杂的过程,突出表现为沃勒变性、轴突再生和再髓鞘化。施万细胞在神经再生的多个方面发挥不可或缺的作用,但用于细胞基础治疗的施万细胞的获取受到采集的侵袭性和供体部位发病率的限制。干细胞移植为周围神经再生提供了一种基于细胞的替代疗法,具有多种再生益处,机体组织多种干细胞(如肌源干细胞、间充质干细胞等)具有多向分化能力,可稳定传代。在相关神经分化诱导因子的干预下,干细胞具有分化成类施万细胞的潜力,可募集巨噬细胞以清除细胞碎片改善微环境,还能分泌神经营养因子促进轴突生长和再髓鞘化。目前,对各种类型干细胞在周围神经再生中应用的研究正在进行。

Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complicated process highlighted by Wallerian degeneration,axonal sprouting,and remyelination. Schwann cells play an integral role in multiple facets of nerve regeneration but obtaining Schwann cells for cell-based therapy is limited by the invasive nature of harvesting and donor site morbidity. Stem cell transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration offers an alternative cell-based therapy with several regenerative benefits. Many stem cells( such as muscle stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,etc.) in body tissues have multidirectional differentiation ability and can be passed on stably. With the intervention of related neural differentiation inducers,stem cells have the potential to differentiate into Schwann-like cells that recruit macrophages for removal of cellular debris and improve the microenvironment,which can also secrete neurotrophic factors to promote axonal growth and remyelination. Currently,various types of stem cell sources are being investigated for their application to peripheral nerve regeneration.