饼肥等氮替代化肥对植烟土壤养分、酶活性和氮素利用的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Rapeseed Cake and Chemical Fertilizers on Nutrients, Enzyme Activity of Tobacco Growing Soil and Nitrogen Utilization

为探明四川凉山植烟区适宜的施肥方式,改善烟区土壤肥力和烤烟氮素利用状况,通过田间试验,研究等氮条件下菜籽饼肥替代化肥对土壤养分、酶活性及氮素利用的影响。结果表明,菜籽饼肥氮替代30%化肥氮处理显著提高植烟土壤总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、有效磷、速效钾含量和土壤脲酶活性,显著降低了土壤pH 和烤烟成熟期土壤过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性。Pearson 相关分析表明,土壤过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性与可溶性有机碳负相关性较强,土壤多酚氧化酶活性与NO3--N 含量极显著正相关,土壤过氧化物酶活性与NH4+-N 含量极显著正相关。土壤脲酶活性与土壤有机碳极显著正相关,与有效磷、速效钾以及碳氮比显著正相关,而与pH 极显著负相关。菜籽饼肥氮替代30%化肥氮处理显著提高了烤烟成熟期干物质积累量、氮含量、氮积累量和氮素利用率。菜籽饼肥氮替代30%化肥氮是改善土壤肥力,提高烤烟生长和氮素利用的适宜施肥方式。

In order to find out the suitable fertilization methods and improve the soil fertility and nitrogen utilization of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco planting areas of Liangshan, Sichuan, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of combined application of rapeseed cake and chemical fertilizer on tobacco growing soil nutrients, enzyme activities and nitrogen utilization under same nitrogen conditions. The results showed that rapeseed cake fertilizer nitrogen replacement 30% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment significantly increased the contents of total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil urease activity;significantly decreased soil pH, activities of soil peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in flue-cured tobacco mature stage. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the activities of soil peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were negatively correlated with dissolved organic carbon, soil polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly positively correlated with NO3--N content, soil peroxidase activity was significantly positively correlated with NH4+-N content. soil urease activity was significant positively correlated with soil carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium and carbon nitrogen ratio, but significant negatively correlated with soil pH. rapeseed cake fertilizer nitrogen replacement 30% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment significantly improved flue-cured tobacco dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization rate in the mature stage. The replacement of 30% chemical fertilizer nitrogen by rapeseed cake fertilizer is a suitable fertilization method to improve soil fertility and increase the growth of flue-cured tobacco and nitrogen utilization.