水下岩塞爆破技术进展

Technological development of underwater rock-plug blasting

引调水工程的水下进水口施工是一个工程难题,水下岩塞爆破是开挖水下进水口的一种特殊爆破技术。笔者收集整理了国内外多项水下岩塞爆破工程案例,结合刘家峡水电站排沙洞进水口大型岩塞在深水、厚覆盖复杂条件下爆破成功的案例,介绍了此项技术在勘测、设计、火工材料、爆破网络、炮孔检测等方面的应用。刘家峡水电站排沙洞进水口对水下岩塞爆破技术的成功应用,在爆破设计理念、爆破设计理论、计算分析和试验、发明专利等方面取得了多项成果,对水下岩塞爆破技术的应用和推广有较大的促进作用,可以为取水、引水、调水等工程的水下岩塞爆破工程提供参考借鉴。

Several engineering cases of underwater rock-plug blasting projects at home and abroad are collected and sorted out herein, and then the application of this technology in the aspects of reconnaissance and survey, design, explosive materials, blasting network, borehole detection, etc. is introduced herein in combination with the successful engineering case of the large-scale underwater rock-plug blasting under the complicated conditions of deep water and deep overburden made for the desilting tunnel of Liujiaxia Hydropower Station. Several achievements are obtained from the underwater rock-plug blasting of the inlet of the desilting tunnel for Liujiaxia Hydropower Station in the aspects of blasting design concept, blasting design theory, calculation- analysis and experiment, patent of invention, etc., from which larger promoting effects are provided for the application and popularization of the technology of underwater rock-plug blasting, while some references for the underwater rock-plug blasting of water intaking, water diversion, water transfer projects are provided as well.