舟山市居民溺水死亡及潜在寿命损失分析

Mortality and potential life lost of drowning in Zhoushan residents

目的了解2009—2018年舟山市居民溺水死亡特征及溺水死亡导致的寿命损失,为舟山市制定溺水死亡预防控制措施提供依据.方法通过浙江省慢性病监测信息管理系统收集2009—2018年舟山市居民死亡监测资料,统计死亡率、标化死亡率、早死指数、潜在减寿年数(PYLL)和潜在工作损失年(WPYLL)等指标,分析舟山市居民溺水死亡的人群特征、溺水原因,以及溺水死亡导致的寿命和劳动力损失.结果 2009—2018年舟山市居民溺水死亡率为7.97/10万,标化死亡率为4.68/10万,溺水死亡率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.05).男性溺水标化死亡率为8.03/10万,高于女性的1.33/10万(P<0.05).职业以渔业生产人员为主,322例占41.44%.0岁~组、15岁~组和65岁~组居民溺水死亡原因均以意外失足/跌坠为主,分别为13例、11例和47例,占36.11%、23.91%和29.38%;30岁~组和45岁~组居民以船舶事故溺水死亡为主,分别为58例和130例,占33.33%和36.01%.溺水死亡导致的PYLL为22511人年,WPYLL为11911人年,其中30~<65岁居民的PYLL和WPYLL分别为73.33%和70.55%;早死指数为28.97.结论 2009—2018年舟山市居民溺水死亡率呈下降趋势,男性及渔业生产人员溺水死亡风险较高;30~<65岁居民溺水死亡导致的寿命损失严重.

Objective To learn the characteristics of drowning deaths and potential years of life lost(PYLL) among residents in Zhoushan,and to provide basis for formulating drowning prevention and control measures. Methods The death surveillance data in Zhoushan from 2009 to 2018 were collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System.Demographic features, causes of drowning, life and labor lost due to drowning were analyzed through indicators such as mortality,standardized mortality,early death index,PYLL and working potential years of life lost(WPYLL). Results The crude and standardized drowning mortality of Zhoushan residents were 7.97/100 000 and 4.68/100 000. The drowning mortality showed a decreasing trend from 2009 to 2018(P<0.05). The mortality of drowning in males was 8.03/100 000,which was higher than 1.33/100 000 in females(P<0.05). Totally 322 deaths from drowning were fishery workers,accounting for 41.44%.The main cause of drowning death in residents aged 0-14 years, 15-29 years and 65 years or above was accidental fall,accounting for 36.11%(13 cases),23.91%(11 cases) and 14.40%(47 cases),respectively. The main cause of drowning death in residents aged 30-44 years and 45-64 years was ship accident,accounting for 33.33%(58 cases) and 36.01%(130 cases),respectively. PYLL and WPYLL caused by drowning death were 22 511 and 11 911 person-years,of which residents aged 30 to 64 years were accounted for 73.33% and 70.55%. The early death index was 28.97. Conclusion Drowning mortality in Zhoushan showed an downward trend from 2009 to 2018. Men and fishery workers are at higher risk of death from drowning.Drowning can lead to serious life loss,especially for population aged 30-64 years.