目击者视频:融合路径与伦理挑战

Eyewitness Videos:Convergent Ways and Ethical Challenges

随着手机等便携式拍摄设备的普及和短视频在全球媒介版图中的爆发式增长,"目击者视频"成为社交媒体时代突发事件报道的重要支撑,弥补了记者由于不在"第一时间""第一现场"而造成新闻"第一落点"的缺失。而全球新闻编辑室对"目击者视频"的重视和吸纳,则成为新媒介场域下新闻生产变革的一个重要方面,不仅影响了新闻内容呈现方式,更对传统新闻生产的控制机制形成挑战和冲击,"公民目击者"从单一的信源角色日益转变为知识生产的共同参与者,形成专业媒体和公民目击者联动的协同报道方式。但与此同时,"目击者视频"的真实性、是否侵犯版权与个人隐私等一系列的法律争议和伦理难题也日益凸显。基于此,以一种合作的思维来重构数字化新闻生产中的"把关人"角色,建立更加成熟、完善的事实核查机制与伦理规范,形成一种专业媒体引导、融合用户生产内容的协同报道方式,才能将"目击者视频"更好地嵌入新闻报道,保障高质量的新闻生产。

Along with the global blooming of portal camera devices and short videos,"eyewitness videos" become an important support of emergency reports in social media era.Since even the best media could not always show up immediately when big news happened,so ordinary citizens without any news background can make up vacancies if they were right there and recorded what happened.Global newsrooms thus have increasingly embedded "eyewitness videos" into the process of news production,which triggered the profound change of power relationship within the news industry.The involved "citizen eyewitness" become not only sources as before,but also participates in knowledge production,who get more power and greater impact on journalism.As a result,a more collaborative reporting model has been developed due to the joint efforts of professional media and "citizen eyewitness".However big ethical challenges and a lot of law suits become more and more prominent at the same time,including the problems of authenticity,copyright and invasion of individual privacy.Based on this trend,the traditional "gatekeeping" role should be reconstructed to build a collaborative relationship between professional media and user generated content.The key point is to establish the fact checking system and ethical rules in context of new news ecosystem,which could involve citizen eyewitnesses into news production in appropriate ways,thus guarantee high-quality participate journalism.