“由刑及罪”逆向司法逻辑:迹象、成因及适用场域——以司法实践中的法律文件及典型案例为样本

The Judicial Logic of Punishment and Crime: Signs, Causes and Application Fields——Taking Legal Documents and Typical Cases in Judicial Practice as Samples

面对定性争议案件,司法人员时常会放弃传统的"由罪及刑"正向路径,而沿用一种"由刑及罪"的逆向路径,即在定罪之前预先考虑刑罚的必要性与妥当性。原因在于,当我们按传统的正向路径寻找作为难办案件大前提的刑法规范时,离不开如何适用刑罚这一案件结论的提前参与;而且,犯罪的"应受刑罚处罚性"特征也要求我们在定罪过程中,预先考虑刑罚的必要性与妥当性。"由刑及罪"逆向司法逻辑与罪刑法定原则相辅相成,其主要适用于定性争议案件,在适用时还应通过教义学解释的方式进行。

When dealing with the cases under dispute,the judicial staff tend to replace the traditional way of crime and punishment with the reverse way of punishment and crime.That is to say,the judicial staff will take the necessity and appropriateness of punishment into consideration before conviction.According to the syllogism of judicial reasoning process,when the criminal norms are required as the prerequisite for dealing with the tough cases,it is necessary to consider beforehand whether the punishment is suitable for the conviction;moreover,the concept of crime prevention demands the consideration of the necessity and appropriateness of punishment.The reverse judicial logic of punishment and crime and the traditional crime and punishment are complementary to each other in disputed cases.In practice,the dogmatic explanation can also be introduced.