中国妇女发展七十年:回顾与展望

70 Years of Chinese Women’s Development: Review and Outlook

中华人民共和国成立以来,妇女在经济、教育、健康、参政、社会保障以及社会救助等领域发展和进步很大:妇女经济参与的广度和深度都有所扩大;妇女受教育水平大大提高,与男性差距日益缩小;妇女健康水平显著提升;妇女参政取得显著进步;妇女社会保障程度大幅提高;贫困妇女人数大幅减少,基本实现了应保尽保。新时代妇女在城乡、性别、两种生产发展中存在不平衡,妇女人力资本的开发和利用以及妇女权益保障还不够充分。妇女发展不平衡是社会发展不平衡中的集中体现,妇女发展不充分是妇女发展质量不高的重要因素。新时代促进妇女全面发展的策略包括夯实妇女发展的物质基础,加强妇女发展的制度保障,优化妇女发展的社会文化环境,以及妇女自身提升主体自觉、男性支持合作等。

This article first summarizes the development and progress of women in the economy, education, health, political participation, social security and social assistance since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China: the breadth and depth of women’s economic participation have been expanded;the level of women’s education has been greatly improved, and the gap with men has been shrinking;women’s health has improved significantly;women’s participation in politics has made remarkable progress;women’s social security has increased substantially;the number of women in poverty has decreased substantially, and basic insurance has met requirement. Based on the above recognition, this paper analyzes the imbalance between urban and rural women, genders, and two kinds of production development, the insufficient development and utilization of women’s human resources, and the inadequate protection of women’s rights and interests in the new era. It concludes that the imbalance of women’s development is result of the imbalance of social development. The inadequate women’s development results in the low quality of women’s development. Finally, it discusses how to promote women’s all-round development in the new era, including consolidating the material foundation, strengthening the institutional guarantee, optimizing the social and cultural environment for women’s development, and enhancing women’s self-awareness and man’s support and cooperation.