庄子与萨特理想生存观之比较

Comparison between Zhuangzi and Sartre’s Ideal Survival

对于庄子与萨特生存观进行了比较,从时间维度来讲,二者所生活的时代背景相差甚远,思想必然存在差异。庄子主张恬淡无为,萨特则倡导有为创造;庄子赞赏逍遥自适,萨特则突出自由谋划;庄子的理想生存付于“道”,萨特笔下的本真生存只能面向世界;庄子消极脱世,萨特则积极入世。尽管二者的价值导向存在着明显差异,但是这些差异都共同植根于他们对人性中虚无维度的洞察。庄子与萨特的自由起点都是从个人自由出发,都突出自由的价值并以人的无规定性为自由奠基。由此可见,如何实现自由的理想生存成为二者哲学理论的旨归。

The differences of the ideal view of survival between Zhuangzi and Sartre are studied. The background of the times in which the two lived is far apart, thus there must be differences in their thought. Zhuangzi advocates non-action, while Sartre advocates creation;Zhuangzi appreciates freedom and self-adjustment, while Sartre emphasizes free planning, Zhuangzi’ focuses on “Tao”, while Sartre pay attention to the real world;Zhuangzi is passive while Sartre is active. Although there are significant differences in the value orientation of the two, these differences are all rooted in their insight into the dimension of humanity. Both Zhuangzi and Sartre start with individual freedom, which emphasizes the value of freedom and lays the foundation for freedom without human presupposition. Therefore, how to realize the ideal survival of freedom becomes the purpose of their philosophical theories.