天气和气候与旅游需求关系的研究进展

Effects of Weather/Climate on Tourism Demand: Research Advances and Perspectives

天气、气候被认为是旅游动机形成的重要推力因素和拉力因素,对旅游需求以及旅游业发展具有十分重要的影响。然而,目前国内外鲜有系统梳理天气气候对旅游需求影响的研究成果。鉴于此,首先系统梳理了国内外相关研究的脉络,即目的地和客源地天气气候对旅游需求影响两条主线。其次,归纳近年来的研究热点,包括从目的地角度探讨气温、降雨等重要气象因子对旅游需求的影响,极端天气气候事件对目的地旅游需求的影响,以及综合气象指标的影响;从客源地的角度探讨天气气候对旅游客流和旅游目的地选择的影响,以及客源地-目的地天气气候相互作用对旅游需求的影响。第三,对未来的研究进行了展望,包括加强对客源地天气气候影响的研究,深入揭示客源地和目的地天气气候相互作用对旅游需求的影响机制,进一步探讨旅游者对不同极端天气气候事件适应行为及影响因素,建立更适用的气候-旅游需求模型,扩展对不同类型旅游目的地、不同旅游目的以及不同气候区的旅游需求与天气气候关系研究。

Weather and climate, as important push and pull factors on tourism motives, exert significant effects on tourist demand and development. However, studies on the effects of them on tourist demand have rarely been reviewed in the literature. This paper first made a sort on the state-of-the-art of the researches both from the aspects of weather/climate in destinations and in tourist origins. It was then followed by the research hotspots, including the effects on tourist demand by the weather/climate in destinations(temperature and precipitation, extreme weather/climate events, and the composite meteorological indice), the effects on tourist flows and destination choices by the weather/climate in tourist origins, and the effects on tourist demand by the differences in weather/climate between destinations and tourist origins. Finally, the future research directions were put forward: strengthening the study of weather/climate impacts on tourist demand in tourist origins;revealing the mechanisms about the interactive effects of weather/climate between tourist origins and destinations on tourist demand;further exploring the tourist adaptive behaviors to various kinds of extreme weather/climatic events and their influencing factors;building the more suitable climate-tourism demand models;and extending the studies on relationships between tourism demand and weather/climate across different tourism motives, different types of destination, and different climatic zones.